Hungary, 19th century

Era and social background

The Man with the Golden Touch is set in the mid-19th century, in the period following the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-1849. This was a highly dynamic and transformative era in Hungary, which was under the rule of the Habsburg Monarchy. The public sentiment was marked by the repressions following the 1848-49 revolution and the subsequent Compromise of 1867. The society was undergoing rapid transformation, where the feudal system was gradually disintegrating, and urbanization and capitalism were beginning to gain ground.

Social expectations

After the 1848-49 revolution and war of independence, Hungary faced retributions under Habsburg rule, leading to a period of political oppression. The Vienna court's efforts to consolidate its power over Hungarian territories often clashed with the Hungarian nobility and bourgeoisie's desire for autonomy. During the period leading up to the Compromise of 1867, social and economic tensions gradually contributed to the decentralization of the empire and the establishment of the later dual monarchy.

The novel features several characters, such as Timéa and Noémi, who face different social expectations and constraints that reflect the position and role of women in this transformative era. Timéa, the daughter of Brazovics Athanáz, represents the wealthy bourgeois class, while Noémi leads a simpler, nature-oriented life, away from social hierarchies.

Economic changes: Athanáz Brazovics

During the time of the novel, the Hungarian economy was undergoing significant transformation. The shift from an agrarian-based economy to a gradually industrializing and urbanizing society began to take shape. The remnants of the feudal system, such as the emancipation of serfs, had a substantial impact on the social structure. The strengthening of the bourgeois class, the accumulation of capital, and the emergence of market economy elements created a new social dynamic.

In the novel, the character of Athanáz Brazovics exemplifies the economic changes of the time. He is a wealthy merchant who represents the transition between the old and new economic systems. Instead of the traditional nobility with their privileges, money and economic power are increasingly starting to dominate, creating new social dynamics and causing conflicts.

Mihály Timár and social mobility

This period was also crucial for the formation and strengthening of national identity. The promotion of the Hungarian language and culture, as well as the development of national arts and sciences, held significant importance. The golden age of Hungarian literature occurred during this time, with figures like Mór Jókai and his contemporaries, such as Sándor Petőfi and János Arany, actively participating in shaping social and cultural life.

The character of Mihály Timár symbolizes the possibility of social mobility. Despite starting from a low position, his skill and the opportunities provided by fate (finding the treasure) allow him to rise to a higher social class. This phenomenon was characteristic of the era, as the bourgeois class played an increasingly significant role in society.