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Dear Reader, discover the potential that AI offers in the Jókai universe! You can try the Jók.ai GPT live, or check out our pre-made contents, our provocative ideas. This friendly little figure makes it easy to distinguish the contents generated by Jók.ai GPT from the texts written by our authors.

Dear Reader, discover the potential that AI offers in the Jókai universe! You can try the Jók.ai GPT live, or check out our pre-made contents, our provocative ideas. This friendly little figure makes it easy to distinguish the contents generated by Jók.ai GPT from the texts written by our authors.

Jók.ai Lab

2025 will mark the bicentenary of Mór Jókai's birth. Our goal is to ensure that our Carpathian Basin Hungarian thinking and culture gain space in the global world of artificial intelligence. This page focuses on Jókai's entire oeuvre, using the vast Hungarian cultural text corpus to provide templates for modern, useful and attractive services. In addition to entertainment and education, we have also sought solutions on how to responsibly apply artificial intelligence in education. 

Gallery

Based on the descriptions of our author Jókai, the Jók.ai GPT quickly and efficiently creates spectacular images, providing an interesting snapshot of AI's visuality in 2024. We measured the popularity of the images with a survey, in which we created a popularity index where each image could receive a maximum of 2000 points.

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PROMPT

Show a picture of Nobody's Island from Jókai's The Man with the Golden Touch.

REVIEWS

994/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

1. In Mór Jókai's novel The Man with the Golden Touch, the house of Athanáz Brazovics is described as follows: an old-fashioned aristocratic room with furniture, a standing mirror and a toilette table on the right side, an embroidery table, and a sofa on the left. The walls are adorned with oil portraits in the fashion of 1816. There is a folding door at the back of the room, with side doors on the right and left. A glass chandelier hangs from the ceiling, adding further elegance to the space.
2. Please create an image of this house, depicting it on the main street of a typical Austro-Hungarian town in the first half of the 19th century.

REVIEWS

979/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Visualize the following expression: "heavy floral silk."

REVIEWS

986/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Create a landscape view of Barátfalva from the text provided, taken from the top of a nearby hill.

REVIEWS

983/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Create a picture of Nobody's Island based on the description in the novel in the style of Károly Markó the Elder.

REVIEWS

959/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

1. Find and quote verbatim the description of Athanáz Brazovics's house and the references to the house in the uploaded text.
2. Based on the description, create a picture of Athanáz Brazovics's house in a typical 19th-century setting. The town should have a small-town character. The image should show the house from the street view.

REVIEWS

941/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

1. Please describe the character of Mrs. Teréza from the novel and describe her appearance based on the text.
2. Based on the description, create a portrait of her as a 50-year-old woman. Her attire should reflect that she lives in modest circumstances and makes her own clothes.

REVIEWS

934/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Create an illustration for this scene from the novel – the setting should be 19th century, and the scene takes place on a grain-carrying riverboat. The text: "In the morning, when Timéa woke up, she felt no trace of her past illness. Youthful nature had triumphed..."

REVIEWS

926/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Describe the character of Euthym Trikalisz from the novel and his appearance. Then create a portrait of him in a style typical of the 19th century, considering that Euthym is 60-70 years old and of Turkish descent.

REVIEWS

923/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Visualize the following quote: "I cannot sleep. The images of many dangers faced pass before my soul like a mad panorama. Before, I would sleep wherever I laid my head, but now every noise wakes me." – Timár. This quote speaks to Timár's inner struggles and the impact of past events, which might appeal to young people interested in inner conflicts and self-examination.

REVIEWS

908/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

1. In Mór Jókai's novel The Golden Man, Brazovics Athanáz's house is described as follows: it is a room with old-fashioned noble furniture, featuring a full-length mirror and toilet table on the right, an embroidery table and sofa on the left. The walls are adorned with oil-painted portraits in the fashion of 1816. The room has a double door at the back and side doors on the right and left. A glass chandelier hangs from the ceiling, adding further elegance to the space.
2. Please create an image of this house on the main street of a typical Monarchy-era town.
3. Let's create an image of Brazovics Atanáz with the above details, keeping in mind that the town of Komárom is built on a plain.

REVIEWS

903/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

1. Please describe Athalie's character from the novel and depict her appearance based on the text.
2. Illustrate her in a portrait wearing 19th-century attire as an 18-19-year-old young lady.

REVIEWS

905/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

1. Let's adapt the story of the novel to 21st-century Hungary. Create a film script based on the original novel set in modern Hungary, and summarize the content in detail. Address the locations and the occupations of the characters as well.
2. Provide three scene plans from this film. Depict the characters interacting and describe the scenes.

REVIEWS

902/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Show a watercolor-style picture that evokes the mood of this quote: "There are many troubles in the world that a person would like to help if they could. A poor man like myself sighs deeply and says: what can I do about it?"

REVIEWS

901/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Create a painting in the style of Botticelli depicting the Bosphorus. The painting should illustrate the description in the quotation marks, taking into account knowledge about 18th-century Constantinople. The description of the Bosphorus: "The entire Bosphorus is a living forest planted with swaying masts and sails; thousands of colorful flags flutter and crack in the morning wind. The immense line ships with triple decks and long rows of oars look like hundred-eyed sea monsters swimming with a hundred feet on the water's surface, their cannons' roar creating booming echoes on the facades of the palaces overlooking the Bosphorus." This passage richly depicts the spectacle of maritime navigation and the intensity of traffic on the Bosphorus.

REVIEWS

882/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Please create an illustration for this letter. Noémi should be writing a love letter to Timár on the veranda of their small house on Nobody's Island, with a view of the spring garden filled with flowers in the background.

REVIEWS

870/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Create an illustration for the following passage from the chapter "The White Cat": "The five sailors in the wave-tossed boat debated what to do..."

REVIEWS

863/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Visualize the following phrase: "the hawk tumbled down."

REVIEWS

845/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

1. Collect and quote verbatim the descriptions of Tímea's appearance from the uploaded text.
2. Create a portrait of Tímea based on the novel's descriptions in a characteristic 19th-century artistic style.

REVIEWS

835/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Show a photorealistic nature image that evokes the mood of this quote: "There are many troubles in the world that one would like to help with if they could. A poor person like me sighs deeply and says, what can I do about it?"

REVIEWS

833/2000

POPULARITY INDEX:

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PROMPT

Show a picture of Nobody's Island from Jókai's The Man with the Golden Touch.

POPULARITY INDEX: 994/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

1. In Mór Jókai's novel The Man with the Golden Touch, the house of Athanáz Brazovics is described as follows: an old-fashioned aristocratic room with furniture, a standing mirror and a toilette table on the right side, an embroidery table, and a sofa on the left. The walls are adorned with oil portraits in the fashion of 1816. There is a folding door at the back of the room, with side doors on the right and left. A glass chandelier hangs from the ceiling, adding further elegance to the space.
2. Please create an image of this house, depicting it on the main street of a typical Austro-Hungarian town in the first half of the 19th century.

REVIEWS

POPULARITY INDEX: 979/2000

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PROMPT

Visualize the following expression: "heavy floral silk."

POPULARITY INDEX: 986/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

Create a landscape view of Barátfalva from the text provided, taken from the top of a nearby hill.

POPULARITY INDEX: 983/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

Create a picture of Nobody's Island based on the description in the novel in the style of Károly Markó the Elder.

POPULARITY INDEX: 959/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

1. Find and quote verbatim the description of Athanáz Brazovics's house and the references to the house in the uploaded text.
2. Based on the description, create a picture of Athanáz Brazovics's house in a typical 19th-century setting. The town should have a small-town character. The image should show the house from the street view.

POPULARITY INDEX: 941/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

1. Please describe the character of Mrs. Teréza from the novel and describe her appearance based on the text.
2. Based on the description, create a portrait of her as a 50-year-old woman. Her attire should reflect that she lives in modest circumstances and makes her own clothes.

POPULARITY INDEX: 934/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

Create an illustration for this scene from the novel – the setting should be 19th century, and the scene takes place on a grain-carrying riverboat. The text: "In the morning, when Timéa woke up, she felt no trace of her past illness. Youthful nature had triumphed..."

POPULARITY INDEX: 926/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

Describe the character of Euthym Trikalisz from the novel and his appearance. Then create a portrait of him in a style typical of the 19th century, considering that Euthym is 60-70 years old and of Turkish descent.

POPULARITY INDEX: 923/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

Visualize the following quote: "I cannot sleep. The images of many dangers faced pass before my soul like a mad panorama. Before, I would sleep wherever I laid my head, but now every noise wakes me." – Timár. This quote speaks to Timár's inner struggles and the impact of past events, which might appeal to young people interested in inner conflicts and self-examination.

POPULARITY INDEX: 908/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

1. In Mór Jókai's novel The Golden Man, Brazovics Athanáz's house is described as follows: it is a room with old-fashioned noble furniture, featuring a full-length mirror and toilet table on the right, an embroidery table and sofa on the left. The walls are adorned with oil-painted portraits in the fashion of 1816. The room has a double door at the back and side doors on the right and left. A glass chandelier hangs from the ceiling, adding further elegance to the space.
2. Please create an image of this house on the main street of a typical Monarchy-era town.
3. Let's create an image of Brazovics Atanáz with the above details, keeping in mind that the town of Komárom is built on a plain.

REVIEWS

POPULARITY INDEX: 903/2000

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PROMPT

1. Please describe Athalie's character from the novel and depict her appearance based on the text.
2. Illustrate her in a portrait wearing 19th-century attire as an 18-19-year-old young lady.

POPULARITY INDEX: 905/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

1. Let's adapt the story of the novel to 21st-century Hungary. Create a film script based on the original novel set in modern Hungary, and summarize the content in detail. Address the locations and the occupations of the characters as well.
2. Provide three scene plans from this film. Depict the characters interacting and describe the scenes.

POPULARITY INDEX: 902/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

Show a watercolor-style picture that evokes the mood of this quote: "There are many troubles in the world that a person would like to help if they could. A poor man like myself sighs deeply and says: what can I do about it?"

POPULARITY INDEX: 901/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

Create a painting in the style of Botticelli depicting the Bosphorus. The painting should illustrate the description in the quotation marks, taking into account knowledge about 18th-century Constantinople. The description of the Bosphorus: "The entire Bosphorus is a living forest planted with swaying masts and sails; thousands of colorful flags flutter and crack in the morning wind. The immense line ships with triple decks and long rows of oars look like hundred-eyed sea monsters swimming with a hundred feet on the water's surface, their cannons' roar creating booming echoes on the facades of the palaces overlooking the Bosphorus." This passage richly depicts the spectacle of maritime navigation and the intensity of traffic on the Bosphorus.

REVIEWS

POPULARITY INDEX: 882/2000

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PROMPT

Please create an illustration for this letter. Noémi should be writing a love letter to Timár on the veranda of their small house on Nobody's Island, with a view of the spring garden filled with flowers in the background.

POPULARITY INDEX: 870/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

Create an illustration for the following passage from the chapter "The White Cat": "The five sailors in the wave-tossed boat debated what to do..."

POPULARITY INDEX: 863/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

Visualize the following phrase: "the hawk tumbled down."

POPULARITY INDEX: 845/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

1. Collect and quote verbatim the descriptions of Tímea's appearance from the uploaded text.
2. Create a portrait of Tímea based on the novel's descriptions in a characteristic 19th-century artistic style.

POPULARITY INDEX: 835/2000

REVIEWS

Slide

PROMPT

Show a photorealistic nature image that evokes the mood of this quote: "There are many troubles in the world that one would like to help with if they could. A poor person like me sighs deeply and says, what can I do about it?"

POPULARITY INDEX: 833/2000

REVIEWS

Recommendations

Among the recommendations you can find five highlighted materials, including content written by Jók.ai GPT and two tasks compiled by our teacher experts. These materials provide an insight into the diverse content of the site.

Analyse Noémi’s emotions.

Noémi learns that while love requires patience and acceptance, sometimes it is necessary to make the hardest decisions for happiness.

Values and Moral Decisions

Young people, who face different challenges every day, can learn a lot from the example of Tímár.

Crossword Puzzle

Complete the crossword puzzle using what you've learned about Jókai! In the case of multi-word answers, ignore spaces or hyphens.

Match. 

Match the Jókai heroes with the appropriate works, and categorize the characteristics.

Character Analyses

How do the characters in the novel behave in different situations? What values and characteristics define them?

Jókai's Contemporaries

Jókai created his works in an extremely exciting era, during which romantic and interesting novels were being written in many countries. Some of these works are well-known, while others you may not have heard of yet, but they are definitely worth exploring.

térkép

Click on the markers on the map to learn more about Jókai's contemporaries and their exciting stories.
térkép
Lev Tolsztoj Theodor Fontane Henrik Ibsen Hans Christian Andersen Charles Dickens Multatuli Charles De Coster Victor Hugo José Maria de Eça de Queirós Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer Gottfried Keller Alessandro Manzoni Franz Grillparzer Jókai Mór Jovan Jovanović Zmaj Ivan Vazov Ion Creangă Alexandros Papadiamantis Namık Kemal

Lev Tolsztoj

RUSSIAN EMPIRE

Lev Tolsztoj

(1828–1910)

A Russian writer and one of the most prominent figures in realist literature. His works explore deep philosophical and moral questions.

Three well-known novels:

  1. War and Peace – A comprehensive depiction of Russian society during the Napoleonic Wars.
  2. Anna Karenina – The tragic love story of an aristocratic woman, examining Russian social and moral issues.
  3. Resurrection – The story of a nobleman's moral renewal, containing a critique of the Russian legal system and society.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both Tolstoy and Jókai pay significant attention to social and moral issues. However, Tolstoy's works delve deeper into philosophical and religious questions, while Jókai focuses more on adventurous and romantic stories.

Theodor Fontane

PRUSSIA/GERMAN EMPIRE

Theodor Fontane

(1819–1898)

A German writer regarded as a prominent figure in realist literature. He became best known for his social novels.

Three of his most well-known novels:

  1. Effi Briest – Follows the fate of the titular woman, who is abandoned by her husband due to an extramarital affair.
  2. Der Stechlin – The story of an aging nobleman and his family, reflecting the changes in German society.
  3. Jenny Treibel – The story of a wealthy bourgeois family and a poor teacher, highlighting the conflicts between social classes.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Fontane's works are dominated by social realism, which contrasts with Jókai's romantic, idealized portrayal. However, both delve deeply into the social issues of their time.

Henrik Ibsen

SWEDEN AND NORWAY

Henrik Ibsen

(1828–1906)

A Norwegian playwright best known for his social dramas.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. A Doll's House – A woman's struggle for independence in 19th-century Norway.
  2. The Wild Duck – A drama centered around a family and its secrets.
  3. Peer Gynt – The story of a man's life and adventures.

Similarities and Differences with JókaiBoth writers centered their works on social issues. Ibsen focused on the questions of Norwegian society and human relationships, while Jókai addressed the problems of Hungarian history and society.

Hans Christian Andersen

DENMARK

Hans Christian Andersen

(1805–1875)

A Danish writer best known for his fairy tales.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. The Ugly Duckling – The story of a little duckling who eventually becomes a beautiful swan.
  2. The Little Mermaid – The story of an underwater world and a mermaid who longs for a human life.
  3. The Emperor's New Clothes – The story of an emperor who wears invisible clothes.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both writers created works in both children's literature and adult literature. Andersen's fairy tales explore questions of human nature and morality, while Jókai's novels focus more on historical and social issues.

Charles Dickens

UNITED KINGDOM

Charles Dickens

(1812–1870)

One of the most well-known English writers, who had a significant impact on 19th-century English literature and society. Dickens is best known for his socially critical novels, which often address the poverty and injustices of the industrial era.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. A Christmas Carol – The story of an old, miserly man, Ebenezer Scrooge, and his redemption at Christmas.
  2. Great Expectations – The story of a young orphan, Pip, and the changes in his life as he unexpectedly inherits a large fortune.
  3. Great Expectations – The story of a boy who leaves his rural life to seek his fortune in London.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: The works of Dickens and Mór Jókai address the social changes of the 1850s with complex storytelling and social critique, the former in England and the latter in Hungary. While Dickens' works analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution and the legal system, Jókai focuses on Hungarian national identity and political changes. Both emphasize individual responsibility and social justice, but within different cultural contexts.

Multatuli

KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS

Multatuli

His real name is Eduard Douwes Dekker.
(1820–1887)

A Dutch writer best known for his criticism of the colonial system.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. Max Havelaar: or the Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Trading Company – A critique of the Dutch colonial system.
  2. Ideeën – A collection of thoughts and essays.
  3. Kamaszévek – The story of a young boy.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both writers played a role in the fight against social injustices. While Jókai highlighted Hungarian social issues, Multatuli drew attention to the abuses of the Dutch colonial system.

Charles De Coster

BELGIUM

Charles De Coster

(1827–1879)

A Belgian writer best known for his historical novels.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. Thyl Ulenspiegel – The story of the Dutch struggle for freedom.
  2. Légendes flamandes – Flemish Legends.
  3. Contes brabançons – Brabantic Tales.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both writers are significant figures in national identity and history. While Jókai focused on Hungarian history and society, De Coster explored Belgian national identity and history in his works.

Victor Hugo

FRANCE

Victor Hugo

Victor Hugo is a French writer, poet, and playwright best known for his historical and romantic novels.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. Les Misérables – The struggles of a poor man in 19th-century France.
  2. The Hunchback of Notre-Dame – The story of the famous cathedral and the fates of the people living in it.
  3. The Man Who Laughs – The story of a disfigured child in 17th-century England.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both writers fought against social injustices in their works. Hugo focused on issues of French society and history, while Jókai addressed Hungarian social and historical questions.

José Maria de Eça de Queirós

PORTUGAL

José Maria de Eça de Queirós

(1845–1900)

Eça de Queirós, a prominent Portuguese writer, is one of the most significant figures in realist literature. His works often contain critiques of Portuguese society.

Three well-known novels:

  1. O Crime do Padre Amaro – The tragic love story of a young priest and a young woman.
  2. Os Maias – The story of an aristocratic family that portrays the decline of Portuguese society.
  3. O Primo Basílio – An extramarital affair and its consequences in the light of societal norms.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Eça de Queirós and Jókai both vividly depict the conflicts between social norms and individual desires. Eça de Queirós tends more towards social criticism and realism, while Jókai tells more idealized and adventurous stories.

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

SPAIN

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

(1836–1870)

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer is a Spanish poet and writer best known for his romantic poetry.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. Rimas – A collection of his romantic poems.
  2. Leyendas – A collection of legends and folk tales.
  3. Cartas literarias a una mujer – Literary letters to a woman.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both writers are representatives of Romantic literature, and their works focus on passion and emotions. Bécquer became famous for his lyrical poetry, while Jókai is known for his novels.

Gottfried Keller

SWITZERLAND

Gottfried Keller

(1819–1890)

A Swiss writer who is a prominent figure in German-language realist literature. His works depict the life and values of Swiss society.

Three well-known novels:

  1. Green Henry – The life and development of a young artist in Swiss society.
  2. A Village Romeo and Juliet – The tragic story of two young lovers reflecting social and familial conflicts.
  3. The People of Seldwyla (Die Leute von Seldwyla) – A collection of short stories depicting the lives and tales of the inhabitants of a Swiss village.

Similarities and Differences with JókaiKeller and Jókai both vividly depict the conflicts between social norms and individual desires. Keller focuses more on realism and social criticism, while Jókai tells more idealized and adventurous stories.

Alessandro Manzoni

KINGDOM OF ITALY

Alessandro Manzoni

(1785–1873)

An Italian writer, poet, and playwright, who is one of the most renowned figures in Romantic literature. His most famous work is The Betrothed (I promessi sposi), which is considered one of the most important novels in Italian literature.

Three well-known novels:

  1. Fermo e Lucia – It deals with the story and struggles of two lovers; it was later revised and published under the title The Betrothed.
  2. The Betrothed (I promessi sposi) – Set in 17th-century Milan, it tells the story of an engaged couple, Renzo and Lucia, and their struggle to stay together while overcoming numerous obstacles.
  3. Storia della colonna infame – A novel set during the Milanese plague, dealing with social injustices.

Similarities and Differences with JókaiManzoni's works emphasize historical context and examine social issues, similar to Jókai's historical novels. However, Manzoni focuses more on the romantic style and religious motifs, while Jókai's works are more idealized and adventurous.

Franz Grillparzer

AUSTRIAN EMPIRE

Franz Grillparzer

(1791–1872)

An Austrian writer and playwright best known for his tragedies. His works often deal with themes of guilt and fate.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. Das Goldene Vlies – The final part of Grillparzer's most famous tragedy trilogy is the tragedy *Medea*.
  2. Sappho – A tragedy about the Greek poetess.
  3. The Ancestress – An adaptation of a Czech legend.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both writers are significant figures in their national literatures and explore the depths of the human soul in their works. While Jókai focused on Hungarian history and society, Grillparzer incorporated elements of Austrian national identity and Greek mythology in his works.

Mór Jókai

HUNGARY

Mór Jókai

(1825–1904)

Mór Jókai (born Ásvai Jókay Móric) was a Hungarian writer, playwright, and politician, one of the most significant figures in 19th-century Hungarian literature. He was born on February 18, 1825, in Komárom to a Reformed noble family. An enthusiastic supporter of the 1848 revolution, he later became an active political figure, serving as a member of parliament and a member of the Upper House for over twenty years.

Three well-known novels:

  1. The Man with the Golden Touch – The novel tells the story of Mihály Timár, who comes into possession of a mysterious gold treasure, allowing him to start a new life.
  2. A Hungarian Nabob – This story depicts the life and conflicts of the 19th-century Hungarian aristocracy.
  3. The Baron's Sons – The novel is set during the 1848-49 revolution and war of independence, depicting historical events through the fate of a noble family.

Jovan Jovanović Zmaj

SERBIA

Jovan Jovanović Zmaj

(1833–1904)

A Serbian poet who was one of the greatest representatives of national romanticism. His works often deal with the history and identity of the Serbian people.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. Đulići uveoci – A collection of lyrical poems capturing the life of the Serbian countryside.
  2. Roses – A collection of children's poems celebrating the beauty of family life and childhood.
  3. Pevanija – A compilation of all his original and translated, poetic and prose works.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both Jovanović's and Jókai's works share a focus on national pride and historical themes. However, while Jókai wrote extensively in the form of novels and dramas, Jovanović primarily composed poetry.

Ivan Vazov

BULGARIA

Ivan Vazov

(1850–1921)

A Bulgarian writer and poet, revered as the father of modern Bulgarian literature. His works depict the Bulgarian national awakening and the country's history.

Three well-known novels:

  1. Under the Yoke – The story of the Bulgarian uprising against Ottoman rule.
  2. A Woman's Heart – A love story and the moral questions of Bulgarian society.
  3. Outcasts – The suffering and struggles of the Bulgarian people during the 1877–78 war.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both Vazov and Jókai provide detailed depictions of national history and social issues. However, Vazov's works primarily focus on the Bulgarian national awakening and historical events, while Jókai addresses a broader range of individual and societal dilemmas.

Ion Creangă

ROMANIA

Ion Creangă

(1837–1889)

A Romanian writer best known for his fairy tales and children's literature.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. Childhood Memories – A work inspired by autobiographical childhood memories.
  2. Fairy Tales – A collection of fairy tales.
  3. Anecdotes and Stories – Narratives.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both writers are defining figures in their national literatures, and their works often feature rural life and folk traditions. Creangă primarily focused on presenting Romanian folk tales and childhood experiences, while Jókai addressed Hungarian historical events and social issues.

Alexandros Papadiamantis

Alexandros Papadiamantis

(1851-1911)

A Greek writer best known for his short stories and novels.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. The Murderess – The story of a crime set in a small Greek village.
  2. The Emigrant – The story of an emigrant.
  3. The Gypsy Girl – The story of a Roma girl.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both writers excelled in depicting rural life and social issues. Papadiamantis showcased the life and traditions of the Greek islands, while Jókai portrayed rural and urban life in Hungary.

Namık Kemal

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Namık Kemal

(1840–1888)

A Turkish writer and poet, best known for his patriotic writings and for laying the foundations of modern Turkish literature.

Three of his well-known works:

  1. İntibah – The love story of a young man and its tragic consequences.
  2. Vatan Yahut Silistre – A patriotic drama centered on the theme of love for the homeland.
  3. Cezmi – A historical novel set in the Ottoman era.

Similarities and Differences with Jókai: Both writers are important representatives of national identity and patriotism. Jókai depicted Hungarian history and the struggle for independence in his works, while Namık Kemal focused on issues of Turkish national consciousness and modernization.